"Top 5 Mistakes English Learners Make"

What are the most common mistakes that English learners make? Which mistakes do most English learners need to correct, in order to learn English much faster?

Here are the top 5 English Learning Mistakes:
1. Focusing On Grammar

This is the biggest, most common, and worst mistake. Research shows that grammar study, in fact, actually hurts English speaking ability. Why? Because English grammar is simply too complex to memorize and use logically.... and real conversation is much too fast.

You don't have enough time to think, remember hundreds or thousands of grammar rules, choose the correct one, then use it.

Your logical left-brain cannot do it. You must learn grammar intuitively and unconsciously, like a child. You do this by hearing a lot of correct English grammar- and your brain gradually and automatically learns to use English grammar correctly.
2. Forcing Speech

Both English students and teachers try to force speech before the learner is ready. The result is that most students speak English very slowly- with no confidence and no fluency. Forcing speech is a huge mistake. Don't force speech. Focus on listening and be patient. Speak only when you are ready to speak- when it happens easily and naturally. Until then, never force it.
3. Learning Only Formal Textbook English

Unfortunately, most English students learn only the formal English found in textbooks and schools. The problem is- native speakers don't use that kind of English in most situations.

When speaking to friends, family, or co-workers, native speakers use casual English that is full of idioms, phrasal verbs, and slang. To communicate with native speakers, you must not rely only on textbooks.. you must learn casual English.
4. Trying To Be Perfect

Students and teachers often focus on mistakes. They worry about mistakes. They correct mistakes. They feel nervous about mistakes. They try to speak perfectly. No one, however, is perfect. Native speakers make mistakes all the time. You will too. Instead of focusing on the negative- focus on communication.

Your goal is not to speak "perfectly", your goal is to communicate ideas, information, and feelings in a clear and understandable way. Focus on communication,focus on the positive. You will automatically improve your mistakes in time :P
5. Relying On English Schools

Most English learners rely totally on schools. They think the teacher and the school are responsible for their success. This is never true. You, the English learner, are always responsible. A good teacher can help, but ultimately you must be responsible for your own learning.

You must find lessons and material that are effective. You must listen and read every day. You must manage your emotions and remain motivated and energetic. You must be positive and optimistic. No teacher can make you learn. Only you can do it!

While these mistakes are very common, the good news is that you can correct them. When you stop making these mistakes, you change the way you learn English. You learn faster. Your speaking improves. You enjoy learning English.

Good luck... you can do it!

ORANG BODOH VS ORANG PINTAR

cobalah anda renungkan

ORANG BODOH VS ORANG PINTAR

Orang bodoh sulit dapat kerja, akhirnya berbisnis..
Agar bisnisnya berhasil, tentu dia harus rekrut orang pintar.
Walhasil boss-nya orang pintar adalah orang bodoh.

Orang bodoh sering melakukan kesalahan,

maka dia rekrut orang pintar yang
tidak pernah salah untuk memperbaiki yang salah.
Walhasil orang bodoh memerintahkan orang pintar untuk keperluan orang bodoh.

Orang pintar belajar untuk mendapatkan ijazah untuk selanjutnya
mencari kerja. Orang bodoh berpikir secepatnya mendapatkan uang untuk
membayari proposal yang diajukan orang pintar.

Orang bodoh tidak bisa membuat teks pidato,maka dia menyuruh orang pintar untuk membuatnya.

Orang bodoh kayaknya susah untuk lulus sekolah hukum (SH).

oleh karena itu orang bodoh memerintahkan orang pintar

untuk membuat undang-undangnya orang bodoh.

Orang bodoh biasanya jago cuap-cuap jual omongan,

sementara itu orang pintar percaya.

Tapi selanjutnya orang pintar menyesal karena telah mempercayai orang bodoh.

Tapi toh saat itu orang bodoh sudah ada di atas.

Orang bodoh berpikir pendek untuk memutuskan sesuatu yang dipikirkan
panjang-panjang oleh orang pintar. Walhasil orang orang pintar menjadi
staf-nya orang bodoh.

Saat bisnis orang bodoh mengalami kelesuan,

dia PHK orang-orang pintar yang berkerja.

Tapi orang-orang pintar DEMO. Walhasil orang-orang pintar
‘meratap-ratap’ kepada orang bodoh agar tetap diberikan pekerjaan.

Tapi saat bisnis orang bodoh maju, orang pinter akan menghabiskan waktu
untuk bekerja keras dengan hati senang, sementara orang bodoh menghabiskan
waktu untuk bersenang-senang dengan keluarganya.

Mata orang bodoh selalu mencari apa yang bisa di jadikan duit.

Mata orang pintar selalu mencari kolom lowongan perkerjaan.

Bill Gate, Dell, Henry Ford,

Thomas Alfa Edison, Tommy Suharto, Liem Siu Liong

Adalah orang-orang yang tidak pernah dapat S1, tapi kemudian menjadi kaya raya.

Ribuan orang-orang pintar bekerja untuk mereka.
Dan puluhan ribu jiwa keluarga orang pintar bergantung pada orang bodoh.

PERTANYAAN :
Mendingan jadi orang pinter atau orang bodoh??
Pinteran mana antara orang pinter atau orang bodoh ???
Mana yang lebih mulia antara orang pinter atau orang bodoh??
Mana yang lebih susah, orang pinter atau orang bodoh??

KESIMPULAN:
Jangan lama-lama jadi orang pinter, lama-lama tidak sadar bahwa dirinya telah dibodohi oleh orang bodoh.

Jadilah orang bodoh yang pinter dari pada jadi orang pinter yang bodoh.

Kata kunci nya adalah ‘resiko’ dan ‘berusaha’,

karena orang bodoh perpikir pendek maka dia bilang resikonya kecil, selanjutnya dia berusaha agar resiko betul-betul kecil.
Orang pinter perpikir panjang maka dia bilang resikonya besar untuk selanjutnya dia tidak akan berusaha mengambil resiko tersebut.

Dan mengabdi pada orang bodoh.

Simple Present 1

Simple Present
This tense is used to express repeated or permanent events : past, present and future.

Example :
It rains almost everyday in Bogor.
They live in Jakarta, but they are staying in Bali at the moment.


The formula is

1. Verbal

- Subject ( he, she, it, name of people or something) + Verb 1 +s + Infinitive
- Subject ( you, I, we, they) + Verb 1 + Infinitive

2. Non Verbal

- Subject ( you, they, we) + to be (are) + Noun/ Adjective/ Adverb of Place And Time
- Subject (he, she, it) + to be (is) + Noun/ Adjective/ Adverb of Place And Time
- Subject (I) + to be (am) + Noun/ Adjective/ Adverb of Place And Time
¯ he, she, it: in the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:
he reads, she writes, he looks, she brings.
¯ Negative and question forms use DOES (=the third person of the auxiliary'DO') + the infinitive of the verb.
He reads. Does he read? He does not read.
¯ Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:
flyà flies, study à studies

Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
play à plays, buy à buys
¯ Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she teaches, he fixes, it wishes, she discusses
See also Verbs -'Regular verbs in the simple present', and 'Be, do & have'

Niat dan Perbuatan

Niat adalah ukuran dalam menilai benarnya suatu perbuatan, oleh karenanya, ketika niatnya benar, maka perbuatan itu benar, dan jika niatnya buruk, maka perbuatan itu buruk.
~ Imam An Nawaw

Hargai Milikmu

Hargailah segala yang kau miliki; anda akan memiliki lebih lagi. Jika anda fokus pada apa yang tidak anda miliki, anda tidak akan pernah merasa cukup dalam hal apapun.

Be thankful for what you have; you’ll end up having more. If you concentrate on what you don’t have, you will never, ever have enough.

10 creative ways to work with reading texts

This list of 10 creative ways to work with reading texts was kindly shared by Churchill House, and is available for public download on their website www.churchillhouse.co.uk.



The web is a great source of textual information, but if you are like us, you won’t have the time or inclination to spend hours turning pages from the web into complete lesson plans with worksheets, handouts etc. So here are our top ten ideas for taking ANY text and using it in class with the least amount of preparation time on your part. Enjoy!


EXPAND THE TEXT

With short, simple texts, get students to add an adjective in front of every noun / an adverb to every verb etc.
For slightly longer texts - before class write (10) extra clauses or sentences that can be inserted into the text. Write these up in jumbled order on the board and get students to add them in the most appropriate places.
REDUCE THE TEXT

Get students to reduce the text to EXACTLY (100) words OR reduce the total number of sentences by (50%).
RECONSTRUCT THE TEXT

Before class, write a list of key words from the text in jumbled order on a sheet of paper. Make one copy for each group of students.
In class, give out the text to all the students. Get them to read it through. Now ask them to turn over the text. Hand out the jumbled keywords. Ask students to put the keywords back into the correct order WITHOUT LOOKING AT THE TEXT. When they get stuck, allow them to reread to the text (but first get them to cover up the jumbled words again.)
When all the students have got the words in the correct order, take the text away. Get students to reconstruct the text (orally or in writing) from the key words.
MATCHING

Before class, get a heavy black pen and cross out the first sentence of each paragraph. (If you downloaded the page off the web, use your word processor to delete the sentences before printing.)
In class, write the missing sentences up in jumbled order on the board and get students to add them back into the text in the correct place.
Note: choosing the first sentence of a paragraph is particularly useful as these often summarise the main idea of the paragraph. Students can use these sentences to help them understand and structure the text.
TRANSFORM THE TEXT

Students must transform the text in some way, for example:

* Retell a story in the first person not the third person
* Retell a story from the perspective of a different character in the story (e.g. from the wolf’s perspective, not from Little Red Riding Hood’s.)
* Present a news story as a TV news item instead of a newspaper item.

DEDUCTION

Copy the text onto a piece of A4 paper. Tear off a column (say 4cm wide) down the left hand side of the copy and a similar sized column off the right hand side. Photocopy and hand out the remaining “middle” part of the story. Students must work together to deduce the whole story from the bits they have. Hand out the original story for comparison at the end.
TEXT QUIZ

Hand out the chosen text to the class. Give them time to read it, check new words etc.
Now get the students in groups to prepare (15) questions about the text which another group will have to answer from memory. Questions should be factual.
When the groups are ready, cover up all copies of the text, then get groups to swap their question sheets and answer each other’s questions. The group that answers the most questions correctly wins.
WORD PARTNERSHIPS

Before class, find (15) useful word partnerships in your chosen text. Write the first word of each partnership down the left-hand side of a piece of paper.
E.g.
Solve …………
(Don’t forget that word partnerships can consist of two or three words, and also that sometimes a word is partnered with another one in a completely different part of the text. E.g. “The puzzle, which had baffled experts for well over 20 years, was finally solved by a 12-year-old girl from Ramsgate.”)
In class, hand out the text. Allow students time to read and ask questions.
Now get the students to complete the sheet that you prepared by finding the partners for each word.
As a follow-up, students can test each other by covering up one of the columns on their sheets and trying to remember the missing word partners.
REACTIONS

Before class, prepare a list of sentences along the following lines:
What I found most interesting about this text was…..
boring
shocking
amusing
irritating
baffling
incredible
etc.
In class, allow students time to read the text and check out any problems. Then ask them to complete all / some of the sentences from your list.
When they have finished, put them in groups to discuss their reactions.
TALK ABOUT THE TEXT

One of the things we often do in real life is tell someone else about a story / news item / magazine article etc that we read.
To do this in class, all you need is a text and a group of students. Get the students to read the text. Now ask them to describe the text and their reactions to it to their partner. Get them to start like this:
“I was reading this (story) the other day and it was really interesting. What it said was…..”
Variation: have two or more texts and get different students to read and talk about different texts.

BOS BIKIN KESALAHAN, SIAPA YANG TANGGUNG?

Pada satu hari, si majikan bilang ama babi, “Malam ini kita akan adain pesta, pergi siapkan biscuit untuk acara malam ini”

Si babi dengan serius bikin biscuit, dengan sepenuh hati.

Namun ga lama kemudian, si majikan masuk ke dapur dan bertanya ama si Babi, “Kenapa apinya kecil begitu?? Kecil begitu kapan matangnya??” Si Babi bilang ke majikan, “Kalo apinya terlalu besar, nanti biskuitnya gosong”. Si majikan bilang ke babi, “Kamu ini otak babi, kamu ngerti apa? Lakukan saja apa yang aku perintahkan!”

Akhirnya biskuitnya gosong seperti perkiraan si Babi... Lalu si babi bertanya ke majikan, “apa yg harus kita lakukan sekarang?”

Kata majikan, “Kalo gitu, kita ganti menu jadi steak babi saja”

Moral of the story:

“Bos selamanya tidak pernah salah, kalo ada salah pun Anda yang menanggung”

How To Study English Well?

Learning to speak a foreign language requires a lot of hard work. The quantity and quality of time that you spend studying will be the most important factors of your success in learning English. You will need to study from two to six hours per week (more would be great) in order to make significant improvements and to feel that you have made good progress. Don't expect to become fluent in just a week or two. This page will give you some good tips about the best ways to study English.


1. Use Distributed Practice - The principle of distributed practice tells us that it is much better to study one hour everyday day, than to study seven hours straight during one day of the week. If you divide up your study time into many short periods, your concentration will be stronger, you will learn faster, and you will remember more.
Studying for short periods of time also allows you to use your time more effectively. For example, while riding on the train you might decide to learn three new idioms or practice changing sentences from past tense to present continuous tense etc. You don't even need a notebook or pencil to do this. Just mentally imagine yourself speaking in English. Keep a list of words that you want to learn in your pocket and study them anytime you have a spare moment. If you can get in the habit of using your train time, your standing in line time, and your walking down the street time in this way, you will be absolutely amazed at how fast your English will improve.

2. Study Out Loud - When studying a new vocabulary word or sentence, say it out loud. Research has shown that your memory will be more than twice as strong if you repeat it out loud several times (some students repeat it hundreds of times) rather than to just study it silently. This is a very important tip, so use it often.

3. Use Mnemonics - Mnemonics is by far the most powerful memory aid there is for learning new vocabulary. Instead of wrote memorization, the best way to remember a word is to create a vivid mental association between the new word and something that you are very familiar with. For example, if you were trying to remember the word "alligator" you might associate it with the Japanese word "arigato" because they sound a little bit alike. To make the association stronger you might imagine someone feeding the alligator a frog and then the alligator says "arigato". Try to make the associations as creative and unusual as you can because these associations will be the easiest to remember. With only a little practice, you will soon be good at making up odd stories and associations to help you remember new vocabulary words. After you use the word in your speech five or ten times, the strange story that you created to help you remember the word gradually disappears. At this point you will no longer need the association because your memory of the word will be almost perfect. Expensive courses in improving your memory all use variations of this technique. People who become very experienced at this technique can learn hundreds of new words in just a few hours! Amazing but true.


X


The following is a list of study activities that you may like to use for studying on your own. Some of these suggestions may be quite appealing to you while others may not. Choose several and construct a study schedule for yourself.
1. Guided Readers - Guided readers are books that have a limited level of vocabulary words in them. Books for beginners may be limited to as few as 300 words. Intermediate students may choose books with 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 words. Guided readers can be found at bookstores like Kinokuniya and Maruzen, and are published by companies such as Oxford, Heinemann and Penguin.

2. The Internet - There are many good websites that can help you learn English. You can find information and lessons on a huge variety of topics including grammar, vocabulary, dictionaries, games, idioms, pen pals, pronunciation, online textbooks, reading, tests, TOEIC training, writing, and others. The two web sites below are among the biggest and the best, and have thousands of useful links to help you find exactly what you want.

http://www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/links/

http://www.ohiou.edu/esl/english/index.h…



3. Self Talk - Self talk is one of the best ways to improve your speaking skills. Just talk to yourself out loud in English about anything you happen to be thinking of. You could describe objects in your home or describe what you are doing. Don't worry about making mistakes or poor pronunciation. It is good to practice with out the stress of an instructor correcting you all of the time.

4. Flash Cards - Make flash cards of words and idioms and carry them around with you to study during your spare moments.

5. Listen to AFRTS Radio - (Armed Forces Radio: AM band) Especially recommended for advanced students are the National Public Radio News Broadcasts. Record these programs and listen to them on the train.

6. English Magazine Subscription - Both Kinokunia and Maruzen bookstores have hundreds of English magazines for sale. These magazines are usually expensive at the bookstores but you can purchase them much cheaper with a subscription. There is a magazine for every interest and every hobby, from model railroading to sailing, and from music to economics. When you read about something you are really interested in, you read deeply, and so you easily, almost automatically, become more familiar with sentence structure and vocabulary.

7. Vocabulary Notebook - Keep a separate notebook for new vocabulary words that you look up when you are reading.

8. Record Your Lessons - Listen to recordings of your lessons to help you review.

9. NHK English and The English Journal - A magazine and cassette tapes in that come out once a month. Use your walkman to get listening practice while you are riding the train. A book accompanies the tapes.

10. Video Tapes - Watching video tapes of movies is an enjoyable way of studying English. Try not to look at the subtitles too often. Tip: old black and white movies often have the clearest, most easily understood English in them.

11. English Newspapers and Magazines - The Japan Times, the Daily Yomiuri as well as Time and Newsweek are interesting, informative, and readily available. You can read almost anytime; before you go to bed, on the train or at lunch etc.

BAHAN AJAR BAHASA INGGRIS

Kata kerja dijadikan Kata Benda
Kecuali dengan bentuk GERUND (infinitive + ing) yang mengandung arti hal perbuatan/cara perbuatan itu dilakukan, misalnya : swimming is good for our health, collecting stamps is my hobby, reading French is difficult, parking here is forbidden dsb. – kata kerja yang dijadikan kata benda bisa dibuat dengan memberi berbagai akhiran selain “ing”.

a. Infinitive + TION
to inform – information artinya: penerangan
to reform – reformation : pembaharuan
to solve – solution larutan, pemecahan
to repeat – repetition ulangan
to produce – production hasil/produksi
to attend – attention perhatian
to pronounce – pronunciation pengucapan suara
to administer – administration pengelolaan
to educate – education pendidikan
to elect – election pemilihan
to invite – invitation undangan
to intend – intention niat
to invent – invention penemuan (baru)
to demonstrate – demonstration demonstrasi
to alter – alteration pengubahan (ganti)
to altercate – altercation pertengkaran
to fabricate – fabrication pembuatan
to act – action perbuatan
to appreciate – appreciation penghargaan
to assume – assumption sangkaan/dugaan
to corrupt – corruption (korupsi)
to classify – classification (jenis/klasifikasi)
to circulate – circulation (peredaran)
to combine – combination (gabungan/kombinasi)
to mwounicate – communication (perhubungan)
to confirm – confirmation (penetapan/pengesahan)
to decorate – decoration (dekorasi ruangan)
to declare – declaration (pernyataan)
to devote – devotion (ketaman/kepamhan)
to expose – exposition (pertunjuka/pameran)
to except – exception (bantahan/kekecualian
to frustrate – frustration (kekecewaan dan bingung;frustasi)
to hesitate – hesitation (kebimbangan)
to inject – injection (suntikan)
to interrupt – interruption (pemulusan/penentangan)
to interpret – interpretation (penafsiran)
to intervere – intervention (campur tangan)
to narrate – narration (penceramah)
to observe – observation (pengamatan)
to operate – operation (pembedahan ;kedokteran ;gerakan ;militer pengerjaan)
to present -presentation (presentasi)
to register – registration (pendaftaran)
to relate – relation (perhubungan)
to restore – restoration (perbaikan/pemugaran)
to satisfy – satisfaction (kepuasan)
to translate – translation (penerjemahan)
b. Berakhiran SION
to permit – permission (izin)
to omit – omission (penghilangan/penanggalan)
to secede – secession (pemisahan)
to succeed – succession (pewarisan)
to apprehend – apprehension (pemahamam, keprihatinan,pengertian, kecemasan)
to decide – decision (keputusan)
to discuss – discussion (perundingan)
to suspect – suspicion (kesangsian, kecurigaan)
to explode – explosion (ledakan, letusan)
c. Berakiran URE
to please – pleasure (kesenangan)
to press – pressure (tekanan)
to depart – departure (keberangkatan)
to sign – signature (tandatangan)
to seize – seizure (perampasan)
d. Berakhiran AL
to arrive – arrival (kedatangan)
to try – trial (percobaan)
to approve – approval (pernyataan setuju)
to remove – removal (perpindahan)
to rehearse – rehearsal (pengulangan)
to acquit – acquittal (pelunasan/kelepasan)
to dispose – disposal (pengaturan/kecondongan)
to edit – editorial (tajuk rencana)
to continue – continual (kesinambungan)

e. Berakhiran MENT
to govern – government (pemerintahan)
to equip – equipment (perlengkapan)
to agree – agreement (persetujuan)
to improve – improvement (perbaikan)
to enlarge – enlargement (perluasan)
to pay – payment (pembayaran)
to invest – investment (penanaman modal)
to punish – punishment (hukuman)
to arrange – arrangement (tatanan, susunan)
to settle – settlement (penyelesaian, perkampungan)
to entertain – entertainment (hiburan)
to manage – management (pengelolaan)
to develop – development (perkembangan)
f. Berakhiran CB/ANCE
to perform – performance (pertunjukan)
to resist – resistance (perlawanan)
to assist – assistance (bantuan)
to appear – appearance (kemunculan, penampilan)
to enter – entrance (jalanmasuk)
to guide – guidance (tuntunan, panduan)
to serve – service (pelayanan)
to accord – accordance (persesuaian/persetujuan)
to maintain – maintenance (pemeliharaan)
to defend – defense (pertahanan)
g. Berakhlran ESS
to succeed – success (keberhasilan)
to proceed – process (perkembangan/kemajuan)
to exceed – excess (kelebihan)
h. Berakhiran TH
to grow – growth (perturnbuhan)
to die – death (kematian)
to deepen (memperdalam) – depth (kedalaman)
t. Ada pula kata-kata yang diberi bentuk tersendiri dan berubah suara/bunyi
to see – sight (penglihatan)
to fly – flight (penerbangan)
to receive – receipt (tanda penerimaan)
to draw – drawing (gambar)
to drink – draught (tegukan/minum (obat))
to give – gift (pemberian)
to speak – speech (pidato)
to loose – loss (kehilangan/rugi)
to choose – choice (pilihan)
to live – life (kehidupan)
to conquer – conquest (penaklukan)
to pray – prayer (persembahan/doa)
to sing – song (nyanyian)
to know – knowledge (pengetahuan)
J. Ada pula kata-kata kerja yang tidak berubah sama sekali bentuknya
to walk – walk (perjalanan/jalannya)
to ride – ride (pengendaraan)
to dance – dance (tarian)
to play – play (permainan)
to visit – visit (kunjungan)
to escape – escape (kelepasan/kelolosan)
to laugh – laugh (tertawa)
smile – smile (senyuman)
to sleep – sleep (tidurnya)
to plant – plant (tanaman)
to change – change (perubahan)
to look – look (pandangan)
to show – show (pertunjukkan)
to drink – drink (minuman)
to love – love (cinta)
to aid – aid (bantuan)
to help – help (pertolongan)
Kata Benda dijadikan Kata Sifat
a. Dengan pemberian akhiran Y
anger – angry (marah)
wealth – wealthy (makmur)
health – healthy (sehat)
fun – funny (lucu/menggelikan)
hair – hairy (berambut)
rain – rainy (berhujan)
wind – windy (berangin)
cloud – cloudy (berawan)
fog – foggy (berkabut)
noise – noisy (ribut/berisik)
sorrow – sorry (menyesal/sedih/sayang)
dust – dusty (kotor/berdebu)

b. Akhiran OUS
danger – dangerous (berbahaya)
victory – victorious (gemilang)
glory – glorious (megah)
mystery – mysterious (penuh rahasia)
delight – delicious (nyaman/nikmat/lezat)

c. Akhiran FUL
wonder – wonderful (ajaib)
use – useful (berguna)
delight – delightful (nyaman)
care – careful (hati-hati)
wish – wishful (berkeinginan)
dread – dreadful (mengerikan)
peace – peaceful (penuh kedamaian)
power – powerful (penuh kekuatan)
doubt – doubtful (ragu sekali)
success – successful (sangat berhasil)
respect – respectful (hormat)

d. Akhiran AL
history – historical (bersejarah)
condition – conditional (bersyarat)
science – scientifical (ilmiah)
spirit – spiritual (rohaniah)
education – educational (mengenai pendidikan)
centrum – central (pusat)
origin – original (asli)
person – personal (bersifat pribadi)

PERUBAHAN MAKNA DAN BENTUK KATA
DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS
Compiled by: Jasmansyah
Kata Sifat dijadikan Kata Benda

a. Dengan pemberian akhiran CE
patient – patience (kesabaran)
important – importance (pentingnya)
present – presence (kehadiran)
absent – absence (ketidakhadiran)
different – difference (perbedaan)
distant – distance (jarak)

b. Akhiran NESS
sad – sadness (kesedihan)
glad – gladness (kegembiraan)
happy – happiness (kebahagiaan)
kind – kindness (keramahan/kebaikan)
dark – darkness (kegelapan)
bright – brightness (kecemerlangan)

c. Akhiran ITY
noble – nobility (keagungan budi)
able – ability (kemampuan)
capable – capability (kecakapan)
pure – purity (keaslian/kemurnian/kesucian)
popular – popularity (ketenaran)
original – originality (keaslian)

d. Ada yang mempunyai bentuk khusus
high – height (tinggi/tingginya)
wide – width (lebar/luas/lebarnya/luasnya)
long – length (panjang/panjangnya)
deep – depth (dalam/dalamnya)
strong – strength (kekuatan)
new – novelty (kebaharuan)
true – truth (kebenaran)
rich – riches (kekayaan)
proud – pride (kebanggaan)
Kata Kerja dijadikan Kata Sifat

a. Dengan pemberian akhiran BLE
to bear – bearable (dapat ditahan)
to obtain – obtainable (bisa diperoleh)
to apply – applicable (dapat digunakan)
to break – breakable (mudah pecah)
to manage – manageable (dapat dikelola/dikendalikan)
to extend – extensible (dapat diperluas)
to find – findable (dapat diketemukan)
to separate – separable (dapat dipisahkan)
to penetrate – penetrable (dapat ditembus/dimasuki)
to agree – agreeable (dapat disetujui)
to accept – acceptable (dapat diterima)

b. Ada yang mempunyai bentuk sendiri
to hear – audible (dapat didengar)
to read – legible (dapat dibaca)
to eat – edible (dapat dimakan)
to see – visible (dapat dilihat)
to burn – inflammable (mudah terbakar)
to touch – palpable/tangible (dapatdiraba/disentuh)
to carry – portable (dapat diangkut/dicangking)
to bend – flexible (dapat dilengkungkan)
to feel – sensible (dapat dirasakan)

c. Perhatikan arti kata-kata di bawah ini
inalienable – tidak dapat dicabut haknya
irreplaceable – tidak dapat digantikan
indispensable – tidak dapat ditinggalkan
innumerable – tidak terhingga banyaknya
irresponsible – tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan
inviolable – tidak boleh diganggu gugat
irrevocable – tidak boleh tidak (harus)
irresistible – tidak dapat menahan godaan,karena sangat menarik
incredible – tidak dapat dipercaya/mustahil/tak masuk akal
The Active and Pasive Voice
Tenses terbagi menjadi present, past, dan future.
berikut ini iktisar dari bagan – bagannya dengan bentuk Active dan Passive Voice
PRESENT

Present Simple
Active Passive
S + V1 + O + Complement S penderita + is/am/are + V3 + by O pelaku + Complement

Present Continuous
Active Passive
S + is/am/are + V-ing + O + Complement S penderita + is/am/are + being + V3 + by O pelaku + Complement

Present Perfect
Active Passive
S + have/has + V3 + O + Complement S penderita +have/has +been + V3 + by O pelaku + Complement

Present Perfect Continuous
Active Passive
S + have/has + been+ V -ing + O + Complement NO PASSIVE FORM
PAST

Past Simple
Active Passive
S + V2 + O + Complement S penderita +was/were +V3 + by O pelaku +Complement

Past Continuous
Active Passive
S +was/were + V-ing + O + complement S penderita +was/were + being + V3 + by O pelaku +Complement

Past Perfect
Active Passive
S + had + V3 + O + Complement S penderita + had + been + V3 + by O pelaku + Complement

Past Perfect continuous
Active Passive
S + had + been + V-ing + O + Complement NO PASSIVE FORM
FUTURE

Future Simple
Active Passive
S + will/shall/be going to + inf. + O + Complement S penderita +will/shall/be going to + be + V3 + by O pelaku + Complement

Future Continuous
Active Passive
S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O + Complement NO PASSIVE FORM

Future Perfect
Active Passive
S + will/shall + have + V3 + O + Complement S penderita + have/has + been + V3 + by O pelaku + Complement

Future Perfect Continuous
Active Passive
S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing + O + Complement NO PASSIVE FORM
Catatan :
Complement adalah keterangan pelengkap yang perlu dicantumkan, misal : keterangan tempat dan keterangan waktu.

Auxiliary and Modals
PRESENT PAST
Ability Can
I can speak German Could
I could speak German when I was a child
Permission May, Can, Might
May I go playing football ? Could, Might
Could I go playing football?
Possibility May, Can, Might
John hasn’t come yet. He may work. May, Have, Might Have
John hadn’t come yet when we got home.He might have worked overtime
Advise Should, Ought to, Had better.
You should study hard. Should have, Ought to have.
you should have studied hard.
Necessity Must, Have to.
We must eat our breakfast. Had to
We had to eat our breakfast this morning.
Probability Must
He is absent today.
He must be sick. Must have
He was absent yesterday.
He must have been sick.
Catatan :
1. Probability adalah strong possibility.
2. Larangan (Prohibition) dinyatakan dengan menggunakan MUST NOT. Contoh :
You must not go out tonight (kamu dilarang pergi).
You don’t have to go out tonight (kamu tidak perlu pergi).
3. SHOULD HAVE dan COULD HAVE menyatakan penyesalan terhadap suatu aktivitas yang pada kenyataannya tidak dilakukan.
4. WOULD juga digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan masa lalu (bermakna USED TO).
contoh :
o My Grandfather would tell bedtime story when I was a child.
o My Grandfather used to tell bedtime story when I was a child.

Elliptical Construction
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
SO + AUXILIARY + SUBJECT NEITHER + AUXILIARY + SUBJECT
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY + TOO SUBJECT + AUXILIARY(NOT) + EITHER
you are a student.
I am a student.
you are a student,
and so am I.
And I am too. you are not a doctor.
I am not a doctor.
you are not a doctor,
and nether am I.
And I am not either.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(If Clause)

1. PRESENT REAL
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE FACT
if+Simple Present
If I graduate in march S+Modal1(will)+inf.+O
I will take master degree in July. it is possible to happen.
I may graduate in March so I may take master degree in July.
2. PRESENT UNREAL

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE FACT
if+Simple Past
If I graduated in March. S+Modal2(wouldl)+inf.+O
I would take master degree in July. Simple Present
I don’t graduate in March so I can’t take master degree in July.
3. PAST UNREAL

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE FACT
if+ Past Perfect
If I had graduated in March. S+Modal2(would)+have+V3+O
I would have taken master degree in July. Simple Past
I couldn’t take master degree in July because I didn’t graduate in March.
Catatan:
1. Pernyataan dalam SUBJUNCTIVE dan CONDITIONAL SENTENCES selahu bertentangan dengan fakta.
2. Perubahan-perubahan TENSES yang terjadi dalam SUBJUNCTIVE juga berlaku dalam CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
3. IF dalam IF CLAUSE dapat dihilangkan jika terdapat kata bantu SHOULD, WERE, dan HAD dalam IF CLAUSE.
ex: If I had been rich – Had I been rich

GERUND
adalah kata benda yang dibentuk dari V-Ing, dan di dalam kalimat digunakan
Sebagai:
Subjek WALKING is healthy
Objek I hate SMOKING.
Objek dari sebuah preposisi He is in charge OF ORGANIZING the meeting.
Dengan BY untuk menerangkan bagaimana sesuatu hal dilakukan. I found out what QUENCH means BY LOOKING up the dictionary.
Sesudah kata kerja
berikut ini admit, delay, mention, suggest, look forward to.
appreciate, deny, mind, tolerate, avoid, discuss, postpone, understand, can’t stand, enjoy, practice, hate, can’t help, finish, quit, be used to, complete, keep, regret, be accustomed to.
consider, like, risk, object to.

SPEECH
SPEECH terbagi dalam dua bentuk DIRECT dan INDIRECT
1. Direct Speech
menyatakan isi pembicaraan seseorang dengan mengutip kata-katanya sebagaimana yang diucapkan
Jika:
Statement
John said, “I will go to Bali Tonight.
Yes / No Question
She asked, “Do you know the speaker’s name?”
WH – Question
The teacher asked Jane, “Why did you make many mistakes?”
Imperative
She said to the boys, “Sit down!”
(negative)
She told me. “Don’t speak!”
Present
Past Simple
Past Perfect

2. Indirect Speech
menyatakan isi pembicaraan seseorang tanpa mengutip kata-katanya sbagaiman adanya.
Maka :
THAT + statement
John said (that) he would go to Bali that night.
WHETHER/ IF + Statement
She asked me whether/if I knew the speaker’s name.
WH -Statement
The teacher asked Jane why she had made many mistakes.
TO INFINITIVE
She told the boys To Sit down.
NOT to infinitive
She told me Not To Speak .
Past
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
CATATAN
• Would, should, had better, might, used to dan could di dalam Indirect Speech tidak mengalami perubahan.
• Kata penghubung That boleh dihilangkan dalam Indirect Speech.

CAUSATIVE
Pola ini digunakan untuk menyuruh seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Contoh Causative:
ACTIVE CAUSATIVE
1. S + Let/make/have + O pelaku + Infinitive + O penderita
ex: john had the mechanic repair his car.
2. S + Get + O pelaku + To Infinitive + O penderita
ex: john got the mechanic to repair his car.

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE
• S + Make/have/get + O penderita + Verb3
ex: john made his car repaired.

PREFERENCE
1. Untuk menyatakan kelebihsukaan terhadap suatu benda atau kegiatan digunakan struktur sebagai berikut:
1. S + Like + Noun*/ Gerund* + Better Than + Noun**/Gerund**
Jane likes apple better than grape.
2. S + Prefer + Noun*/ Gerund* + To + Noun** / Gerund**
Jane prefers eating apple to eating grape
3. S + Prefer + To infinitive + (Rather) Than+Infinitive/Gerund/Noun
Jane prefers to eat apple rather than eat grape
4. S+Would prefer+To infinitive+(Rather)Than+ Infinitive/Gerund/Noun
Jane would prefer to eat apple than eating grape
5. S + Would Rather + Infinitive + THAN + Infinitive / Gerund / Noun
Jane would rather eat apple than grape
B. Untuk meminta seseorang melakukan suatu kegiatan secara halus (implied causative) digunakan struktur sebagai berikut:
1. S + Prefer + Someone (Subject) + To infinitive
I prefers he to go to bed
2. S + Would Rather + Someone (Subject) + Verb**
I would rather he went to bed

Adjective Clause
Clause ini digunakan untuk memberi keterangan, identitas, dan informasi lain kepada katabenda (Antecedent). Dalam struktur Adjective Clause ditandai dengan Relative Pronoun, yaitu: who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, dan that.
Who
digunakan untuk orang dalam posisi subjek (human as subject).
Whom
digunakan untuk orang dalam posisi objek (human as object).
Which
digunakan untuk benda, baik dalam posisi subjek atau objek (non-human as subject/object).
That
digunakan sebagai subtitusi who, whom, atau which.
Whose
digunakan untuk kepemilikan.
When
digunakan untuk waktu.
Why
digunakan untuk sebab.
Contoh :
My English teacher is the man who Is standing near the pillar.
The house where I live is being renovated.
Adjective clause dibagi menjadi dua macam, yaitu:
1. Important (defining) adjective clause, yaitu adjective clause yang merupakan informasi penting bagi antecedent.

2. Unimportant (undefining) adjective clause, yaitu adjective clause yang merupakan informasi yang tidak penting bagi antecedent .
Contoh :
Important
Bob’s brother that (who) lives in New York is an actor.
Meaning
Bob has more than one brother.
Unimportant
Bob’s brother, who lives in New York is an actor.
Meaning
Bob has only one brother.
Catatan :
Dalam important adjective clause, relative pronoun, seperti: who, whom, which dapat digantikan dengan that; sedangkan dalam unimportant adjective clause tidak.
Adverb Clause
Clause ini digunakan untak memberi keterangan tambahan kepada Main Clause. Dalam struktur Adverb Clause ditandai dengan kata penghubung yang sesuai dengan keterangan yang diberikan,antara lain:
1. Time : after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while.
2. Place : where, wherever.
3. Reason : because, since.
4. Purpose : so that, in order that.
5. Manner : as if, as though.
6. Condition : if, in case, provided that, unless, otherwise.
7. Result : so.. that, such . . . that, therefore, thus, consequently.
8. Contrast : although, though, even though, however, but, in spite of, despite.
Contoh :
He is such a good teacher that I will never forget him.
You will not make a success unless you work hard.
Noun Clause
Noun Clause berfungsi sama dengan single-word noun dalam kalimat sebagai subjek atau objek.
Contoh:
1. Noun Clause as Subject
Single-Word Noun Noun Clause
His house is big. Where he lives is big.
Her story was very interesting. What she told us teas very interesting.
2. Noun Clause as Object
Single-Word Noun Noun Clause
I don’t know him. I don’t know who he is.
She is reading my letter. She is reading what I have written.
Klausa ini dapat berasal dari statement, yes/no question, dan information question .
1. Statement
Contoh :
Everyone knowsThe world is round. that the world is round.
2. Yes/No Question
Contoh :
I don’tIs he feeling fine ? whether/if he is feeling fine.
3. Information Question
Contoh :
Who are you talking to ? Who I am talking to is not your business.
Catatan :
Adjective Clause dam Adverb Clause dapat direduksi menjadi phrase dengan menghilangkan beberapa bagian clause. Adverb Clause dapat direduksi jika subjek dalam Adverb Clause dan Main Clause sama.
a. Adjective Clause
1. Hilangkam Relative Pronoun dan to be dalam Adjective Clause.
The childClause who is bitten by a dog is crying.
The childPhrase bitten by a dog is crying.
2. Jika tidak ada to be dalam Adjective Clause, maka verb diubah menjadi verb-ing.
AnyoneClause who has library card may check out books.
AnyonePhrase having library card may check out books.
b. Adverb Clause
1. Hilangkan subjek dan to be dalam Adverb Clause.
I was very sadClause while I was packing my suitcase.
I was very sadPhrase while packing my suitcase.
2. Jika tidak ada to be dalam Adverb Clause, maka verb diubah menjadi verb-ing.
Clause Before I left the class, I asked about the exam.
Phrase Before leaving the class, I asked about the exam.
3. Khusus untuk so that dan if clause diubah menjadi to infinitive phrase .
I moved to the place by themClause so that I could surf everyday.
I moved to the place by the seaPhrase to surf everyday.
We can stop at that placeClause if we want to take a rest. We can stop at that placePhrase to take a rest.

Lets Read This...!!

UNKNOW

Nasreddin was visiting a city that he had never visited before.He felt that nobody knew him.Then he walked along the street with the hope he might meet some of his acquaintances.but nobody greeted him.he was very sad.
He finally came to market.It was just the same,nobody knew him.he walked into a furniture shop.There he was welcome nicely by the salesman.
The salesman asked him warmly,"what can I do for you,sir? You're looking for bed,chairs,..??
"well,well! wait a minute,"said nasreddin,"first,I want to ask you some questions."
The salesman was very glad.He thought that Nasreddin wanted to ask something about furniture.
" Did you see me when I walked into this shop?" asked Nasreddin.
"yes,sir,of course,"answered the salesman.
"have you ever met me before?"said Nasreddin futher.
"No,sir.Never"
"Well,how do you know that the person who walked in is Nasreddin and not someone else?"

Why we should learn English..?

Indonesia as a country that has relationship with other countries.people need to communicate in international language,one of the language is English.English as a tool of communication among nation is then declared the ministry of education as the first foreign language to be taught in junior high school until University.
as Horbinson said that language is the system of sound and word used by human to express their thought and feeling (1998:66. it means that by using language,we can communicate with other people and make relationship that has different culture and language.